Skip to content
DI
dummyipsum.com

Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers. The converter accepts only standard modern notation from 1 to 3999.

Roman numeral

Arabic number

Conversion direction
Conversion direction

Roman numerals chart 1 to 100

Roman numerals chart

Each digit of a number has its own Roman form in the chart below. Find the thousands, hundreds, tens and units in their columns and write them one after another: 2748 is MM + DCC + XL + VIII = MMDCCXLVIII. This works for any number up to 3999.

Digit Thousands Hundreds Tens Units
1 M C X I
2 MM CC XX II
3 MMM CCC XXX III
4 CD XL IV
5 D L V
6 DC LX VI
7 DCC LXX VII
8 DCCC LXXX VIII
9 CM XC IX

Roman numerals 1 to 100

  1. 1 I
  2. 2 II
  3. 3 III
  4. 4 IV
  5. 5 V
  6. 6 VI
  7. 7 VII
  8. 8 VIII
  9. 9 IX
  10. 10 X
  11. 11 XI
  12. 12 XII
  13. 13 XIII
  14. 14 XIV
  15. 15 XV
  16. 16 XVI
  17. 17 XVII
  18. 18 XVIII
  19. 19 XIX
  20. 20 XX
  21. 21 XXI
  22. 22 XXII
  23. 23 XXIII
  24. 24 XXIV
  25. 25 XXV
  26. 26 XXVI
  27. 27 XXVII
  28. 28 XXVIII
  29. 29 XXIX
  30. 30 XXX
  31. 31 XXXI
  32. 32 XXXII
  33. 33 XXXIII
  34. 34 XXXIV
  35. 35 XXXV
  36. 36 XXXVI
  37. 37 XXXVII
  38. 38 XXXVIII
  39. 39 XXXIX
  40. 40 XL
  41. 41 XLI
  42. 42 XLII
  43. 43 XLIII
  44. 44 XLIV
  45. 45 XLV
  46. 46 XLVI
  47. 47 XLVII
  48. 48 XLVIII
  49. 49 XLIX
  50. 50 L
  51. 51 LI
  52. 52 LII
  53. 53 LIII
  54. 54 LIV
  55. 55 LV
  56. 56 LVI
  57. 57 LVII
  58. 58 LVIII
  59. 59 LIX
  60. 60 LX
  61. 61 LXI
  62. 62 LXII
  63. 63 LXIII
  64. 64 LXIV
  65. 65 LXV
  66. 66 LXVI
  67. 67 LXVII
  68. 68 LXVIII
  69. 69 LXIX
  70. 70 LXX
  71. 71 LXXI
  72. 72 LXXII
  73. 73 LXXIII
  74. 74 LXXIV
  75. 75 LXXV
  76. 76 LXXVI
  77. 77 LXXVII
  78. 78 LXXVIII
  79. 79 LXXIX
  80. 80 LXXX
  81. 81 LXXXI
  82. 82 LXXXII
  83. 83 LXXXIII
  84. 84 LXXXIV
  85. 85 LXXXV
  86. 86 LXXXVI
  87. 87 LXXXVII
  88. 88 LXXXVIII
  89. 89 LXXXIX
  90. 90 XC
  91. 91 XCI
  92. 92 XCII
  93. 93 XCIII
  94. 94 XCIV
  95. 95 XCV
  96. 96 XCVI
  97. 97 XCVII
  98. 98 XCVIII
  99. 99 XCIX
  100. 100 C

Quick Answers About Roman Numerals

These answers are intentionally concise for checking a result, learning the rules, or finding a specific conversion quickly.

How do you write 2026 in Roman numerals?

The number 2026 is written as MMXXVI in Roman numerals.

What are the basic Roman numerals?

The basic Roman numerals are I, V, X, L, C, D, M. Their values are 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000.

Which subtractive pairs are valid?

Standard Roman numerals use only these subtractive pairs: IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, and CM.

Why is 4 written as IV?

IV means 5 minus 1. That is why IV is standard and IIII is rejected by this converter.

What is the largest common Roman numeral?

The largest value in common modern notation is 3999, written as MMMCMXCIX.

Is there a Roman numeral for zero?

Standard Roman numerals do not use zero. This converter accepts only numbers from 1 to 3999.

Roman Numeral Values

Roman numbers are built from these seven symbols. Their values are added, or subtracted only in the allowed pairs.

Roman numeral Value Note
I 1 Also used in IV and IX.
V 5 V is not repeated.
X 10 Also used in XL and XC.
L 50 One of the larger symbols.
C 100 Also used in CD and CM.
D 500 D is not repeated.
M 1000 Used up to three times here, for values up to 3999.

Roman Numeral Rules

Standard Roman numerals use I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. Smaller symbols can be placed before larger ones only in specific subtractive pairs: IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, and CM.

This tool supports the usual modern range from 1 to 3999. The Romans had other historical notations for larger values, but they are not standardized for everyday web use.

Strict Validation

The converter does not simply add letters together. It checks whether the numeral is written in standard form before returning a number.

Invalid Valid
IIII IV
VV X
IC XCIX
XM CMXC
MMMM MMMCMXCIX

How to read and write Roman numerals

Converting MCMXCIV to 1994 and 2026 to MMXXVI The Roman numeral MCMXCIV splits into the groups M, CM, XC and IV with the values 1000, 900, 90 and 4, which add up to 1994. The number 2026 splits by place value into 2000, 0, 20 and 6, written as MMXXVI. M 1000 + CM 900 1000 − 100 + XC 90 100 − 10 + IV 4 5 − 1 = 1994 2 MM 2000 0 · 0 2 XX 20 6 VI 6 = MMXXVI

A Roman numeral is read from left to right in groups. MCMXCIV splits into M, CM, XC and IV.

Subtraction only works for six pairs: IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM. Here they are CM = 1000 − 100, XC = 100 − 10 and IV = 5 − 1.

The group values are added up: 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 = 1994.

An Arabic number is split by place value: thousands, hundreds, tens and ones.

Each place is written separately: 2000 = MM, zero hundreds are not written, 20 = XX, 6 = VI.

The groups are joined together: 2026 = MMXXVI.

Roman Numeral Examples

Common conversions show the subtractive pairs and the largest values supported by standard Roman numerals.

Number Roman numeral
4 IV
9 IX
40 XL
58 LVIII
90 XC
400 CD
944 CMXLIV
1994 MCMXCIV
2026 MMXXVI
3999 MMMCMXCIX

How Large Roman Numbers Above 3999 Are Written

In common modern notation, Roman numerals are mainly used from 1 to 3999. The reason is simple: M means 1000, and the same symbol is not normally repeated more than three times.

For larger numbers, one extended notation uses a horizontal line above a numeral, called a vinculum. The line means the numeral is multiplied by 1000. This notation is historically attested, but today it is mostly explanatory or specialist usage. This converter therefore validates the standard range from 1 to 3999.

V̅
5000

V with an overline means 5 × 1000.

X̅
10000

X with an overline means 10 × 1000.

M̅
1000000

M with an overline means 1000 × 1000.

How the Roman Numeral Converter Works

The converter runs in your browser. Digits are converted to Roman numerals, and Roman letters are converted back to Arabic numbers. It validates the standard subtractive notation, so forms such as IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, and CM are accepted while IIII, VV, IC, XM, and MMMM are rejected.

Where It Helps

  • Checking dates on monuments, clocks, and book covers
  • Writing chapter numbers, outlines, and headings
  • Preparing educational examples and worksheets
  • Verifying strict Roman numeral spelling
  • Converting years such as 1994, 2024, or 2026

FAQ

What numbers can Roman numerals represent?

This converter supports the standard modern range from 1 to 3999. It rejects 0, negative numbers, decimals, and values above 3999.

Why is IIII invalid?

In standard modern Roman numerals, four is written as IV using subtractive notation. Some clock faces use IIII by tradition, but this converter validates the standard form.

What is the largest supported Roman numeral?

The largest supported value is 3999, written as MMMCMXCIX.

What does Arabic number mean?

An Arabic number is the everyday notation that uses the digits 0 to 9, such as 2026. It is also called the Hindu-Arabic numeral system: its roots go back to India, and it reached Europe through Arab scholars. Unlike Roman numerals, it is positional, so a digit changes value depending on where it appears. That makes large numbers, arithmetic, and zero much easier to work with.

Are Roman numerals case-sensitive?

No. You can type mmxxvi or MMXXVI. The converter normalizes Roman numerals to uppercase.

Related Tools

More tools for writing, editing and checking text.

Percentage Calculator

Calculate percentages, change, and increases

Open

Standard Page Calculator

Calculate standard pages from text

Open

Word Counter

Text and character analysis

Open